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Electrical System in Cars – Complete Overview
The electrical system in a car is responsible for generating, storing, and distributing electrical power required for various functions such as starting the engine, lighting, infotainment, sensors, and safety systems.
Major Components of the Car Electrical System
Major Components of the Car Electrical System
1. Battery
1. Battery
2. Alternator
2. Alternator
3. Starter Motor
3. Starter Motor
4. Fuses and Relays
4. Fuses and Relays
5. Wiring Harness
5. Wiring Harness
6. Lighting System
6. Lighting System
7. Electronic Control Units (ECUs)
7. Electronic Control Units (ECUs)
8. Ignition System
8. Ignition System
9. Instrument Cluster
9. Instrument Cluster
10. Charging Ports and Auxiliary Outlets
10. Charging Ports and Auxiliary Outlets
11. Advanced Electrical Features (Optional)
11. Advanced Electrical Features (Optional)
Exhaust System in Cars – Complete Overview
Exhaust System in Cars – Complete Overview
The exhaust system is a critical part of a vehicle's engine that directs and treats the gases produced during combustion. Its role is not only to expel these gases safely but also to reduce emissions, noise, and enhance performance.
Working Process (Simplified Flow)
Working Process (Simplified Flow)
Combustion happens in the engine cylinders.
Exhaust gases (CO₂, NOx, HC) exit via the exhaust manifold.
Oxygen sensors monitor gas composition.
Catalytic converter reduces harmful gases.
Gases pass through the muffler (and resonator if present) to reduce noise.
Cleaned gases exit through the tailpipe.
DPF - Diesel Particulate Filter
DPF - Diesel Particulate Filter
A DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) is an essential component in modern diesel engine exhaust systems designed to capture and store soot (particulate matter) produced during combustion, helping reduce harmful emissions.
Key Components of a DPF System (Simplified List without Definitions)
Key Components of a DPF System (Simplified List without Definitions)
DPF Filter (Main Housing)
Differential Pressure Sensor
Temperature Sensors
Oxygen Sensors (Upstream & Downstream)
Regeneration System
Passive Regeneration
Active Regeneration
Forced Regeneration
ECU (Engine Control Unit)
Car Body – Exterior & Interior Explained in Simple Words
Exterior
Main Exterior Parts: The exterior is what you see from outside — it protects you and gives the car its stylish look.
Main Exterior Parts: The exterior is what you see from outside — it protects you and gives the car its stylish look.
Body Shell: The strong frame that holds everything together.
Bonnet (Hood): The cover over the engine.
Bumpers: Front and rear protectors in case of minor accidents.
Doors: Entry and exit points for passengers.
Windows & Windshield: Clear glass for visibility and safety.
Roof: Top part of the car body.
Lights: Headlights, tail lights, and indicators to see and be seen.
Mirrors: Rear-view and side mirrors for safe driving.
Wheels & Tyres: Supports the car and lets it move.
Interior
Main Exterior Parts: The interior is the space where you sit and enjoy the ride. It gives comfort, safety, and convenience.
Main Exterior Parts: The interior is the space where you sit and enjoy the ride. It gives comfort, safety, and convenience.
Seats: Comfortable space for driver and passengers.
Dashboard: Displays speed, fuel, and other information.
Steering Wheel: Lets you control the direction.
Gear Lever: Used to change gears.
Pedals: Accelerator, brake, and clutch for driving control.
Infotainment System: Music, navigation, and connectivity.
AC/Heating Controls: Keeps you comfortable.
Interior Lights: Small lights inside for visibility at night.
Storage Spaces: Cup holders, glove box, boot/trunk for luggage.
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